The intrinsic valley degree of freedom makes bilayer graphene (BLG) a unique platform for semiconductor qubits. The single-carrier quantum dot (QD) ground state exhibits a two-fold degeneracy, where the two states that constitute a Kramers pair, have opposite spin and valley quantum numbers. Because of the valley-dependent Berry curvature, an out-of-plane magnetic field breaks the time-reversal symmetry of this ground state and a qubit can be encoded in the spin-valley subspace. The Kramers states are protected against known spin- and valley-mixing mechanisms because mixing requires a simultaneous change of both quantum numbers. Here, we fabricate a tunable QD device in Bernal BLG and measure a spin-valley relaxation time for the Kramers states of 38 s at 30 mK,
which is two orders of magnitude longer than the 0.4 s measured for purely spin-blocked states. We also show that the intrinsic Kane-Mele spin-orbit splitting enables a Kramers doublet single-shot readout even at zero magnetic field with a fidelity above 99%. If these long-lived Kramers states also possess long coherence times and can be effectively manipulated, electrostatically defined QDs in BLG may serve as long-lived semiconductor qubits, extending beyond the spin qubit paradigm.

---

Bio

Dr. Artem Denisov

Born in 1995 in Vladivostok, Russia

Postdoctoral Researcher in the Nanoelectronics Group at ETH Zurich.
Focused on graphene-based van der Waals quantum devices.

Ph.D. in Physics from Princeton University (2023, Petta Group)

B.S. in Applied Math and Physics from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (2019)